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Hyperparathyroidism is associated with secondary hypertension primarily due to the effects of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on calcium metabolism and vascular function. When PTH is overproduced, it can lead to increased calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is linked to vascular changes that can increase blood pressure, such as increased vascular resistance and possible dysfunction of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels.

Additionally, hyperparathyroidism can affect renal function and lead to additional sodium retention, contributing further to elevated blood pressure. The interplay between calcium homeostasis, vascular tone, and kidney function is crucial in understanding how parathyroid dysfunction can lead to secondary hypertension. Understanding this relationship is vital for nurses and healthcare professionals in managing patients with conditions affecting parathyroid function and their cardiovascular implications.